Frecuentar lugares de barrios colindantes incide en el sentido psicológico de comunidad: estudio de caso en la ciudad de Sevilla (España) / Frequenting Places in Neighboring Neighborhoods Influences the Psychological Sense of Community: A Case Study in the City of Seville (Spain)

Los barrios de residencia proporcionan contextos de riesgo y protección con importantes repercusiones en el bienestar subjetivo y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la investigación previa ha prestado escasa atención al impacto psicológico de las relaciones entre barrios. En este estudio exploramos la frecuentación de lugares de interacción en barrios colindantes y su repercusión en el sentido psicológico de comunidad. A través de un estudio de caso de cuatro barrios de la ciudad de Sevilla que difieren en su nivel de renta, comprobamos que los residentes de los barrios vulnerables suelen usar los servicios de los barrios aledaños con más recursos, especialmente cuando cuentan con servicios y lugares de interacción atractivos. Con una muestra de 225 residentes mostramos que el sentido psicológico de comunidad varía en función de los años de residencia en el barrio, el nivel socioeconómico y la frecuentación de lugares en los barrios colindantes. Los resultados podrían ser útiles en el diseño de estrategias efectivas de desarrollo comunitario (AU)

Residential neighborhoods provide risk and protection contexts with important repercussions on subjective well-being and quality of life. However, previous research has paid scant attention to the psychological impact of relationships between neighborhoods. In this study we explore the frequentation of places of interaction in neighboring neighborhoods and its impact on the psychological sense of community. Through a case study of four neighborhoods in the city of Seville that differ in their income level, we verified that residents of vulnerable neighborhoods tend to use the services of neighboring neighborhoods with more resources, especially when they have attractive services and places. With a sample of 225 residents, we show that the psychological sense of community varies depending on the years of residence in the neighborhood, the socioeconomic level and the frequentation of places in the neighboring neighborhoods. The results could be useful in designing effective community development strategies (AU)

La influencia de los estilos de apego y los rasgos de personalidad en el sentido de comunidad en barrios de España y Colombia / The Influence of Attachment Styles and Personality Traits on the Sense ofa Community in Neighborhoods in Spain and Colombi

El sentido de comunidad es uno de los procesos más investigados en psicología comunitaria. Desde su formulación inicial, la pertenencia a estructuras sociales y geográficas más amplias forma parte de la definición del concepto. La investigación sobre el tema ha solido centrarse en el análisis de los factores ambientales y colectivos que modulan la integración de los individuos en grupos y comunidades y ha prestado menos atención a los aspectos individuales que orientan las interacciones directas que las personas mantienen en estos espacios. En este estudio analizamos la relación de los estilos apego individual y los rasgos de personalidad sobre el sentido de comunidad en 305 entrevistados de diversos barrios de Sevilla (España) y Barranquilla (Colombia). Los resultados muestran un efecto predictivo modesto del estilo de apego seguro y la amabilidad principalmente sobre las dimensiones de self y pertenencia del sentido de comunidad. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de tener en cuenta diferentes niveles de análisis en la evaluación de la pertenencia a contextos comunitarios y la utilidad de definir modelos que incluyan la interacción de factores individuales y contextuales en su explicación (AU)

Sense of Community is one of the most researched processes in Community Psychology. Since its initial formulation, belonging to broader social and geographical structures has been part of the definition of the concept. Research on the topic has tended to focus on the analysis of the environmental and collective factors that modulate the integration of individuals into groups and communities and has paid less attention to the individual aspects that guide the direct interactions that people have in these spaces. In this study we analyse the relationship between individual attachment styles and personality traits on the sense of community in 305 respondents from different neighborhoods in Seville (Spain) and Barranquilla (Colombia). The results show a modest predictive effect of secure attachment style and agreeableness mainly on the self and belonging dimensions of sense of community. These results show the need to take into account different levels of analysis in the assessment of belonging to community contexts and the usefulness of defining models that include the interaction of individual and contextual factors in their explanation (AU)

Empiric antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this network meta-analysis is to identify the empiric antibiotic (Em-ATB) with the highest probability of being the best (HPBB) in terms of (1) cure rate and (2) mortality rate in hospitalised patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) . METHOD: Inclusion criteria: (1) adult patients (>16 years old) diagnosed with CAP that required hospitalisation; (2) randomised to at least two different Em-ATBs, (3) that report cure rate and (4) are written in English or Spanish. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) ambiguous antibiotics protocol and (2) published exclusively in abstract or letter format. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Cochrane and citation reviews from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. Risk of bias: Cochrane's tool. Quality of the systematic review (SR): A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2. Certainity of the evidence: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: frequentist method performed with the 'netmeta' library, R package. RESULTS: 27 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the initial 41 307 screened citations were included. Regarding the risk of bias, more than one quarter of the studies presented low risk and no study presented high risk in all domains. The SR quality is moderate. For cure, two networks were constructed. Thus, two Em-ATBs have the HPBB: cetaroline 600 mg (two times a day) and piperacillin 2000 mg (two times a day). For mortality, three networks were constructed. Thus, three Em-ATBs have the HPBB: ceftriaxone 2000 mg (once a day) plus levofloxacin 500 (two times a day), ertapenem 1000 mg (two times a day) and amikacin 250 mg (two times a day) plus clarithromycin 500 mg (two times a day). The certainity of evidence for each results is moderate. CONCLUSION: For cure rate, ceftaroline and piperaciline are the options with the HPBB. However, for mortality rate, the options are ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin, ertapenem and amikacin plus clarithromycin. It seems necessary to conduct an RCT that compares treatments with the HPBB for each event (cure or mortality) (CRD42017060692).

[Use of an empirical antiretroviral treatment depends on the primary resistance rate of the human immunodeficiency virus]. / La práctica de un tratamiento antirretroviral empírico es dependiente del porcentaje de resistencias primarias del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was the analysis of the prevalence and type of primary resistance to antiretroviral drugs in patients diagnosed with HIV infection, and to determine the most appropriate empirical treatment to obtain a virological and immunological response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational analysis of patients with a de novo diagnosis of HIV infection during the period 2008-2010. Clinical, immunological and virological characteristics, including genotype analysis of resistance to antiretrovirals, were considered as independent variables. The dependent variable was an undetectable HIV viral load after six months of treatment. Data are provided as median (interquartile range) and absolute number (percentage). RESULTS: Seventy-three patients with a de novo diagnosis of HIV infection were included [53 males (73%); 36 (30-46) years-old; prior use of intravenous drugs: 5 patients (7%); hepatitis C virus co-infection: 13 individuals (18%)]. Ten patients (14%) showed symptoms attributable to acute HIV infection. A CD4+ T cell count lower than 350 mm(3) was detected in a 37% (n=27) of all patients. The initiation of antiretroviral therapy followed the GESIDA recommendations (no therapy: 20 patients; tenofovir+emtricitabine+efavirenz: 28 patients; abacavir+lamivudine+efavirenz: 1 patient; tenofovir+emtricitabine+protease inhibitors: 5 patients; abacavir+lamivudine+protease inhibitors: 1 patient; 18 patients were lost in the follow-up). After starting antiretroviral therapy, the resistance analyses detected the existence of primary resistance to antiretrovirals in 12.7% (confidence interval 95%: 3-22) of the patients, distributed as follows: isolated resistance to, nucleosides was detected in 2% (M184V), to nevirapine/efavirenz in 9% (K103N), and combined resistance to nucleosides and non-nucleosides in 2%; there were no cases of resistance to protease inhibitors. Consequently, antiretroviral therapy was changed in 5 (14%) out of 35 patients, attaining an undetectable HIV viral load at 6 months in all of them. The primary resistance to antiretrovirals was not related with epidemiological, virological (including infection by non B subtype) or immunological variables. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, a change in the epidemiological pattern of de novo diagnosis of HIV infection in our area has been observed. The existence of resistance mutations in more than 5% of the new cases is noteworthy. This finding must be considered in order to establish the rules of empirical treatment in our area.